Sunrise Hospital -Department of Plastic Surgery

Department of Plastic Surgery

Doctors
Treatments & Procedures
Treatment & Facilities
Identity Clinic

Department of Plastic Surgery

Plastic Surgery is a surgical speciality in Medicine that focuses on the surgical repair of defects of form or function of any of the parts of the human body. This specialty is further classified into two sub-specialties namely, Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery. Reconstructive Plastic Surgery corrects structural and functional defects whereas Cosmetic Surgery goes beyond mere form and function by enhancingeven the appearance of body through medical and surgical procedures.

Doctors

Dr. Nihal Yusuf

Consultant And Surgeon - Plastic Surgery

Our Service

Our well equipped Department of Plastic and Microvascular Surgery is capable of performing all types of surgical procedures, both reconstructive as well as cosmetic in nature. With our world-class operation theatres equipped with the latest Zeiss microscopes and other vital life-saving equipment on stand-by, we are ready round the clock, to meet all types of surgical emergencies that may require plastic surgical procedures.

Treatments & Procedures

Post burn contracture is the tightening of the skin after a second or third degree burn. When skin is burned, the surrounding skin begins to pull together, resulting in a contracture. It needs to be treated as soon as possible because the scar can result in restriction of movement around the injured area.

Reconstructive burn surgery are to improve both the function and the cosmetic appearance of burn scars. The goal of the surgery is to increase the function and restore the appearance of the skin. Some of these procedures involve several months of preparations to improve scarred tissue. This surgery is chosen by patients experiencing negative long term effects from burns, functionally or aesthetically. This process can be both operative and non-operative. Some treatments include scar massage, application of pressure garments, or topical therapies. The operative techniques generally include scar release procedures, where scars are opened and then repaired by a plastic surgeon. Some of these plastic surgery techniques require skin grafts. In general, the procedure is outpatient, but more intense skin graft treatments may require a hospital stay.

following road traffic accidents

Craniofacial Fractures

The spectrum of plastic surgery trauma management ranges from primary closure to reconstruction, or replacement of complex physical defects of form and function involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, cranio-maxillofacial structures, extremities, breast, trunk and external genitalia. Trauma to the body with loss of form and function requiring plastic surgical intervention can be caused by road traffic accidents, firearm injuries, machine injuries, glass injuries, crush injuries, knife injuries, assault injuries, dog bites, other animal bites, fall injuries, sports injuries, high pressure injection injuries, bomb blast injuries, ring avulsion injuries and some other causes.

Facial Trauma can result in open wounds, broken bones, scars, or facial asymmetry. Reconstruction requires meticulous repair of all injured structures by an experienced surgeon. Restoring normal appearance of skull and facial profile while protecting the brain, eyes or critical structures is of primary importance when repairing facial fractures.

*Cleft lip and/or palate - Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common birth anomalies affecting children. The incomplete formation of the upper lip (cleft lip) or roof of the mouth (cleft palate) can occur individually, or both defects may occur together. The conditions can vary in severity and may involve one or both sides of the mouth. Surgery is required to repair cleft lip and/or cleft palate.

A cleft, or separation of the upper lip and/or the roof of the mouth, occurs very early in the development of your unborn child. During fetal development, certain components of the upper lip and roof of the mouth fail to grow together normally. In some cases, a syndrome may be responsible for the occurrence of the cleft. For most affected children, however, the cause will no be known. In these cases, the cleft is thought to result from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Cleft lip repair and cleft palate repair are types of surgery used to correct this abnormal development and are meant to restore function to the lips and mouth along with producing a more normal appearance. Most clefts can be repaired through specialized plastic surgery techniques and will help to improve your child's ability to eat, speak, hear and breathe.

*Syndactyly / Polydactyly – Syndactyly and polydactyly are the most common types of congenital hand deformities. Syndactyly is webbing or fusing between the digits (fingers or toes). The digits can be partially fused or fused along their entire length. The severity can range from simple fusion with digits connected only by skin to more complicated fusion with shared nerves, blood vessels, bones, and/or nails. Syndactyly most commonly occurs between the middle two fingers.

Polydactyly means having an extra finger and/or toe. It can range from a barely observable, undeveloped digit to a fully developed, functioning digit. When syndactyly and polydactyly are present simultaneously, it is called Polysyndactyly.

Polydactyly can be treated by a surgical process done by a plastic surgeon. The extra digit is usually a small piece of soft tissue that can be easily removed. The digit is rarely function and often has no sensation. Polydactyly requires an operation to remove the digits, normally at an early age.

Syndactyly malformation requires surgical intervention and can be performed as early as five or six months of age. They are done by individually separating the fingers by surgery.

*Positional Plagiocephaly – Plagiocephaly develops when a baby spends too much time lying on his or her back. It doesn't cause brain damage or interfere with a baby's development. It might be most noticeable when looking at a baby's head from above. The cheekbone and ear on the flat side might look pushed forward.

Varying a baby's head position can help. If it doesn't improve by the age of four months, a moulded helmet might be required.

While treatment is often as simply as repositioning the baby during sleep, in more pronounced cases helmet therapy may be put to use. In most cases, plagiocephaly is quite minor and easily resolved, with many more pediatric plastic surgeons becoming familiar with helmet therapy for more advanced cases.

*Craniosynostosis – Craniosynostosis is a congenital abnormality originating from the central nervous system in which one or more of the fibrous joints in the skull close prematurely. This fusion often requires surgical intervention to reconstruct the skull (see craniofacial surgery) either to bring it back to its normal position or to give it a more natural shape. Surgery for craniosynostosis is designed to correct the abnormal head shape and allow the growing brain room to expand normally.

The surgery for craniosynostosis is typically performed in the first two years of life. There are multiple types of surgery used to treat craniosynostosis, including strip craniectomy, spring-assisted craniectomy and cranial vault remodeling, amongst others. Not all patients are a candidate for all types of surgery. The surgery is performed by a team of a plastic surgeon and a neurosurgeon, working together.

Plastic surgeons restore function and appearance for a host of other congenital anomalies, including the following. If your child has a congenital condition that could benefit from reconstructive surgery, consult a plastic surgeon who specializes in reconstructive surgery:

Acrosyndactyly
Amelia
Anophthalmia
Brachydactyly
Central ray deficiency / Cleft hand
Congenital blepharophimosis
Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis
Congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis
Congenital breast reconstruction
Constriction ring syndrome
Craniofacial microsomia
Cryptotia
Duplicated thumbs
Ear deformations or malformations
Facial clefts
Hypospadias
Macrostomia
Maxillofacial dysplasia
Microphthalmia
Microtia
Mobius syndrome
Oligodactyly
Orbital dysplasia
Phocomelia
Poland syndrome
Radial longitudinal deficiency / Radial club hand
Symphalangism
Tuberous breast deformity

Reconstructive Plastic Surgery for managing developmental abnormalities are done to those due to an accident, infection, disease, or aging Plastic surgery has the goal of restoring function and form to the body. Unlike most surgical specialties, it is not confined to one organ system or body part. Instead, plastic surgery repairs, reconstructs and replaces physical defects involving Breast, Facial structures, Head and nec, Peripheral nerve, Skin and soft tissue and Trunk and extremities

Plastic Surgeries Performed

Cosmetic and reconstructive procedures performed by plastic surgeons include the following the treatment of Skin Diseases, Cancer, Trauma, Birthmarks, Malignant and benign lesions of the skin (basal cell, squamous cell), Malignant and benign lesions of the soft tissue (sarcoma, lipoma), Melanoma, Reconstructive flaps and grafts, Scar revisions.

Congenital tumors and vascular malformations
Facial fractures
Nasal deformity, ear deformity
Tumors of the lips, mouth, tongue, salivary glands
Wound and laceration treatment

Chest and abdominal wall reconstruction
Flaps, grafts, free tissue transfer, expanders
Lower extremity coverage
Perineal reconstruction

Post Mastectomy breast reconstruction for breast cancer patients

Breast reconstruction also can be done many months or even years after mastectomy or lumpectomy. During reconstruction, a plastic surgeon creates a breast shape using an artificial implant (implant reconstruction), a flap of tissue from another place on your body or both. Breast reconstruction is major surgery. A person can expect to spend several days in the hospital after both implant reconstruction and flap reconstruction. The operation takes about 90 minutes, and most people go home the following day. It can take 4 to 6 weeks to recover from a mastectomy. People may need more than one surgery to fully reconstruct the breasts.

Reconstructive surgeons repair soft tissue from head and neck post ablative cancer surgery — parts of the tongue, throat, or lips—removed during surgery. Sometimes small areas of soft tissue removed from the head and neck can be replaced with nearby healthy tissue, called a flap, which is still attached to its own blood supply. Flaps with their own blood supply heal quickly. They may come from the scalp, cheek, forehead, neck, or chest.

Recovery from head and neck surgery with reconstruction varies greatly. Minor reconstruction, including flap surgery, may require only two or three days of recuperation in the hospital. In extensive reconstruction, such as removal and replacement of the jaw or a large portion of soft tissue, hospitalization may be longer and recovery at home may take several weeks.

Abdominoplasty or Tummy Tuck reshaping and firming of the abdomen

An abdominoplasty or Tummy Tuck is a procedure that flattens abdomen by removing extra fat and skin and tightening muscles in your abdominal wall. This surgery is suitable for both men and women who are in good general health overall and are at a stable weight. Women who have had several pregnancies may find the procedure useful for tightening their abdominal muscles and reducing skin. A tummy tuck is also an option for men or women who were once obese and still have excess fat deposits or loose skin around the belly.

There are two types of Abdominoplasty

*Complete abdominoplasty - The surgeon cuts abdomen from hipbone to hipbone and then contour the skin, tissue, and muscle as needed. The surgery will involve moving your belly button, and you may need drainage tubes under your skin for a few days.

*Partial or mini abdominoplasty - Mini-abdominoplasties are often done on people whose fat deposits are located below the navel. During this procedure, the surgeon most likely will not move your belly button, and the procedure may only take up to two hours, depending on your case.

Recovery: Most patients are fully recovered by six weeks and can return to full exercise and activity levels as per doctors advice. Pain, swelling, and bruising should be just about gone between three and four weeks into recovery.

Reshaping of the eyelids or the application of permanent eyeliner, including Asian blepharoplasty

Blepharoplasty or Eyelid surgery is a surgical procedure to improve the appearance of the eyelids. This surgery can be performed on the upper lids, lower lids or both to improve your appearance or experiencing problems with your eyelids, eyelid surgery can rejuvenate the area surrounding your eyes.

Blepharoplasty or Eyelid surgery can treat patients with loose or sagging skin that creates folds or disturbs the natural contour of the upper eyelid, Fatty deposits that appear as puffiness in the eyelids, Bags under the eyes, Drooping lower eyelids that reveal white below the iris

Excess skin and fine wrinkles of the lower eyelid The plastic surgeon removes skin, muscle, and sometimes fat that may be causing the area around your eyes to sag.

Asian blepharoplasty

An Asian blepharoplasty, sometimes also referred to as a double eyelid surgery, gives patients a new natural-looking eyelid crease. This crease is generated by dividing the upper eyelid. Asian blepharoplasty is also done for Sagging Upper Eyelid, Eyelid Malposition and Upper Eyelid Fold

Thread lift procedure is a minimally invasive alternative to facelift surgery. Thread Lift involves tightening and lifting the sagging skin of the face skin to a face lift without any actual surgery. The thread lift procedure works best when combined with other modalities such as lasers, fillers etc in order to achieve the most optimal results. Most patients are able to return to work and most normal activity 1 day after the procedure with only minor discomfort. It is common for patients to experience minor inflammation and bruising which typically resolves within 1 week.

The minimal access cranial suspension (MACS) facelift is a minimally invasive face and neck lift procedure that is used to reduce wrinkles and lift sagging facial tissue related to facial aging. Facial tissues are accessed via an incision before the ear. Sutures are then used to lift the underlying tissue. These sutures are then anchored to the deep temporal fascia with purse-string sutures.The advantages of the MACS facelift surgical technique are a natural appearance, avoidance of visible signs of surgery, avoidance of complications, quick recovery and minimal scars. Most patients require only minimal use of pain management medications and return to normal activities in a weeks time.

Gynecomastia is an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men, caused by an imbalance of the estrogen and testosterone hormones. Gynecomastia can affect one or both breasts. Gynecomastia surgery reduces breast size in men, flattening and enhancing the chest contours. Gynecomastia can be reduced by minimal access surgery in most cases using special instruments and modified technique of Liposuction. Excess fat on chest is removed by liposuction. This results in adequate correction of chest shape. The scars are tiny and not easily visible in most cases. Most patients can leave the hospital on the same day and recovery time takes about 1-2 weeks on average.

Breast augmentation is also known as augmentation mammoplasty, or boob job using breast-implants and fat-graft mammoplasty techniques to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts of a woman. Women can get breast implants to make their breasts bigger and fuller. That can be done for reconstructive purposes, such as after mastectomy for breast cancer, or for cosmetic reasons. It can be performed either through the transfer of fat from an area of your body or, more commonly, through surgically inserting breast implants.

Saline and Silicone Breast Implants:

There are two basic types of breast implants: saline and silicone gel.

Saline-filled breast implants are silicone shells filled with sterile salt water with some are pre-filled and others are filled during the implant operation.

Silicone gel-filled implants are silicone shells filled with a Silcone gel. Although many women say that silicone gel implants feel more like real breasts than saline, they pose more of a risk if they leak. Both saline and silicone come in different sizes and have either smooth or textured shells. Each has its own pros and cons, so it is a matter of preference. A full recovery can take on average six weeks or so, and women may notice that they feel perfectly fine after about a week from surgery.

Breast Reduction surgery is procedure to remove extra fat, tissue, and skin from your breasts. Patients with large breasts that are out of proportion to the rest of the body and causing neck pain, back pain, or other symptoms, may be considering breast reduction surgery. Recovery takes about 2 to 6 weeks from breast reduction surgery.

A breast lift or mastopexy is a procedure, a plastic surgeon raises and reshapes your breasts to give them a firmer, rounder look. The surgery also removes extra skin around your breast and reduces the size of your areola. After breast lift surgery the patient requires a two to three week period of no heavy lifting or strenuous activity. The patient can return to work at about a week after the surgery if the job does not require demanding physical daily activities. At two weeks light lifting is allowed.

Buttock augmentation is used to improve the contour, size and/or shape of the buttocks. This is done through the use of buttock implants, fat grafting or sometimes a combination of the two. Buttock implants are silicone-filled devices that are surgically placed deep within the tissues of the buttock. Buttock augmentation through the use of fat grafting involves the transfer of fat from one area of the body into the tissues of the buttocks. This technique is sometimes referred to as a Brazilian Butt Lift. After buttock augmentation, most patients take about a week away from work. During this recovery period, wear an elastic compression garment to limit swelling and help the tissues heal in their new contours. The most common side effects of this procedure include swelling, bruising, and redness. It is normal to feel some soreness, pain, and tenderness.

Rhinoplasty, or Nose Surgery to reshape the nose, is one of the most common of all plastic surgery procedures. People get rhinoplasty to repair their nose after an injury, to correct breathing problems or a birth defect, or because they’re unhappy with the appearance of their nose. Rhinoplasty can be done in a hospital, or an outpatient surgical facility. Your doctor will use local or general anesthesia. If it’s a simple procedure, you’ll receive local anesthesia to your nose, which will also numb your face. The procedure usually takes between one and two hours. People are usually back to performing most activities after a week and resuming all activities after two to four weeks.

Surgical liposuction is reserved for clients who are near or at their ideal weight. It is not a solution for weight loss and should not be looked at as a weight loss method. Good candidates for liposuction are men or women who have a healthy skin tone with minimal to no excess or sagging skin, a reasonable and stable weight and Localized excess fatty deposits that diet and exercise cannot improve. Patients can return to light activities within 1-2 weeks and can expect a full recovery within about 4-6 weeks.

Liposculpture is a surgical procedure for the removal of subcutaneous fat and its transplant to another part of the body, as to fill out facial contours. Liposculpture is usually performed under general anaesthesia. During a liposculpture procedure, fat deposits are removed by very thin metal tubes interested into the body though small incisions. A syringe or medical suction pump removes the fat by creating an area of negative pressure. Once the fat is removed, it can be transferred to another part of the body that needs to be plumped up, such as the breasts or buttocks. This is sometimes called fat transfer or lipo filling. The procedure is most often done on an outpatient basis, using local anesthesia and perhaps a sedative to ensure the patient’s comfort.

Recovery: Patients are able to return to normal activity 24-48 hours after the procedure. Residual swelling from a liposculpture procedure can last between 4-6 weeks or longer with full effects expected 6-12 months postoperatively.

Chin augmentation is surgery to reshape or enhance the size of the chin. It may be done either by inserting an implant or by moving or reshaping bones. This outpatient surgery typically takes about one hour to perform, does not require the use of general anesthesia, and provides a permanent solution to weak, recessed chins. The goal of the procedure is to enhance the natural contours of the neck, jaw, and chin in order to improve facial appearance. Chin augmentation implants can be placed either through small incisions made inside the mouth or under the chin. Dissolvable sutures are used to close the incisions after the implants are placed appropriately. The typical recovery time for this procedure is 1-3 weeks in most patients.

Cheek augmentation surgery is a procedure that is designed to enhance the shape or contour of the mid-face and the cheek by simply adding definition and volume to your cheeks. Cheek implant surgery can be performed as a single treatment, or in combination with other surgical procedures such as a facelift, eyelid surgery or rhinoplasty. Sometimes individuals seek out cheek augmentation in conjunction with a chin implant or jaw implant to fill out their facial profile. The procedure is done by placement of a fitted "implant" directly on the bone of the cheek, well below the skin. A small incision is made above the gumline of the upper teeth under each cheek. Cheek augmentation recovery time will depend on whether the implant procedure was performed alone, or in conjunction with other procedures.

Recovering from cheek implant surgery alone shouldn’t take too long at all. Patients may expect 3-5 days of swelling in the cheeks. Cheek implant recovery time is very minimal. Most patients can return to their regular activities after about one week, provided that they didn’t undergo any additional procedures at the same time.

Pectoral Implant Augmentation:

Pectoral male implants is a surgical way to recreate a normal chest and achieve a desirable effect only if other measures are ineffective. Pectoral implants are body implants made of solid silicone and come in many shapes and sizes and are designed to feel like natural chest muscle. Pectoral implant surgery takes approximately two hours and can be performed using a local anesthetic with intravenous sedation or general anesthesia. Plastic surgeon typically makes an incision through your armpit, areola or lower breast to create a pocket under the larger of the two chest muscles or just under tissue that covers this muscle. The implant is inserted into this pocket and secured in place with self-dissolving stitches. Your plastic surgery specialist will then close the incision and cover the wound.

Recovery: The recovery time associated with pec implant surgery varies based on your unique situation. There is typically some mild to moderate discomfort following pectoral implant surgery. This is usually controlled with prescription or over-the-counter pain medications. In most cases, patients return to work within five to seven days following surgery and resume normal heavy lifting routines in approximately six weeks.

Calf Implant augmentation:

Calf Implant augmentation is a procedure performed to enhance the lower portion of the leg. In people with a shrunken lower leg, as a result of injury or disease, an implant can be inserted in the calf to help minimize the resultant deformity. The majority of people opting for calf implants are men looking to increase bulk and add muscular definition and contour to their calves, but calf implants are not just plastic surgery for men. Women, too, may opt for calf augmentation so that their legs and thighs are symmetrical. Calf implant surgery takes approximately two and a half hours to perform. It is usually performed with a local anesthetic and intravenous sedation, or under general anesthesia. The implants are basically tucked under the thick tissue beneath the skin and the fat in the calves. Calf implants can be combined with liposuction of the knees or ankles to improve the overall appearance of the legs.

Recovery: Most people can resume their normal activities within eight weeks after calf implant surgery. Exercise must be avoided for four to six weeks after calf augmentation, and running must be avoided for up to three months.

Breast Implant augmentation:

Saline and Silicone Breast Implants:

There are two basic types of breast implants: saline and silicone gel.

Saline-filled breast implants are silicone shells filled with sterile salt water with some are pre-filled and others are filled during the implant operation.

Silicone gel-filled implants are silicone shells filled with a Silcone gel. Although many women say that silicone gel implants feel more like real breasts than saline, they pose more of a risk if they leak. Both saline and silicone come in different sizes and have either smooth or textured shells. A full recovery can take on average six weeks or so, and women may notice that they feel perfectly fine after about a week from surgery.

Jaw Implant Augmentation:

Jaw implants are a surgical procedure in which an implant is placed along the jawline to give the chin and jaw a more pronounced look. This surgery is a good option for both men and women who feel that their chin looks receding or smaller than the rest of their face, or that their jaw is not defined. The procedure can be for cosmetic purposes or medical purposes such as correction of the jaw structure due to birth defects or face trauma because of an accident or injury. The most common materials used for jaw implants are silicone rubber or porous polythene. A jaw implant procedure is highly customized based on the needs and goals of the patient. It can be performed alone or in combination with other facial implants and plastic surgery procedures. The operation itself lasts for about one to two hours. For the anesthesia, twilight or local anesthesia is usually used, but for more complex cases, the doctor can opt to use general anesthesia instead.

Recovery: Jaw implants take a long time to heal, just like other jaw-related surgeries. After the surgery, it is expected that you will experience swelling and bruising for one to two days. Patient may be allowed to return to work after a week or two. Vigorous activities like exercise are only allowed after four to six weeks.

Patient will see full improvement of your face and jaw area in 6 months from surgery.

Lipectomy:

Liposuction is a cosmetic procedure that removes fat that you can’t seem to get rid of through diet and exercise. It may be useful for contouring under the chin, neck, cheeks, upper arms, breasts, abdomen, buttocks, hips, thighs, knees, calves, and ankle areas. Surgical liposuction is adviced for clients who are near or at their ideal weight. It is not a solution for weight loss and should not be looked at as a weight loss method. Good candidates for liposuction are men or women who have a healthy skin tone with minimal to no excess or sagging skin, a reasonable and stable weight and Localized excess fatty deposits that diet and exercise cannot improve. Patients can return to light activities within 1-2 weeks and can expect a full recovery within about 4-6 weeks.

Upper Body Lift:

Upper bodylift is a surgical procedure designed to remove excess skin of the upper back that extends to the side of the chest. It is a procedure commonly performed in patients who have lost a large amount of weight and have loose sagging skin. This procedure can tighten the loose skin of the back and improve the extra rolls on the back, but comes with a visible permanent scar that runs along the bra line. This procedure is performed most commonly with a breast lift for women or chest contouring procedures for men, giving the entire upper body a fresh and youthfull appearance.

Recovery: Patients will regain normal function of your arms and hands after two or three weeks and resume normal activities after four to six weeks.

Lower Body Lift:

Lower body lift is a surgical procedure designed to remove excess skin from the outer thighs and buttocks. It is a procedure that commonly is performed in patients who have lost a large amount of weight and have loose sagging skin. Lower body lift is done under general anesthesia. This procedure can tighten the loose skin on the outer thighs and buttocks thereby preserving the volume in the buttocks thereby preventing a flattening effect. This procedure is performed most commonly with an abdominoplasty so that the entire waist line is sculpted. The scar can usually be concealed below underwear.

Recovery:Most patients may experience pain in the thighs and buttocks for the first two or three days and be able to go out in public in four to five days but vigorous physical activity is limited for four weeks following surgery.

Treatment & Facilities

Replantation Surgery is the surgical reattachment of a body part parts such as a thumb, finger, hand or arm that has been completely cut from a person's body. In some rare cases replantation of other body parts like calp, ear, face, penis, leg, foot and toes is also done. Most replantation surgery involves specialized skills done by Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons specially trained in microvascular surgery. The procedure involves fixing the bone, repairing cut muscles, tendons, nerves and blood vessels using specialized suturing techniques under operating microscope. In the replantation surgery the damaged tissue is carefully removed and the bone ends are trimmed and rejoined. This makes it easier in putting together the soft tissue on either side of the wound easier. Arteries, veins, nerves, muscles, and tendons are stitched together. Uncovered nerves, tendons, and joints may be covered by a free-tissue transfer, where a piece of tissue is removed from another part of the body, along with its arteries and veins.

Free flap Surgery procedure in which tissue and its blood supply (artery and vein) are surgically removed from one part of the body and transferred to another area of the body for the purpose of reconstruction. During the procedure, muscle, skin, or bone is transferred along with the original blood supply from one area of the body (donor site) to the surgical site in order to reconstruct the area. The procedure often involves the use of microsurgery. Healing of the surgical site can be slow and require frequent wound care. Total recovery may take six to eight weeks or longer.

Peripheral nerve reconstruction surgery is done to improve function and minimize pain and disability in people with peripheral nerve disorders such as acute nerve injuries, entrapment neuropathies, and nerve sheath tumors. It involves replanting healthy nerves to take over the function of the nerves affected by your injury, disease, or condition. The peripheral nerves link the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. Peripheral nerve disorders can disrupt messages from the brain to the rest of the body and can affect one nerve or many nerves. Surgical treatment and rehabilitation for peripheral nerve injuries involves a team which may include Neurosurgeons, Plastic surgeons, Orthopedic surgeons, Neurologists, Physiatrists, Physical therapists.

Identity Clinic

With commencement of the Identity Clinic for Gender Dysphorics (Transgenders), we also undertake all their cosmetic and functional needs in their transition

Sex reassignment surgery (SRS), also known as gender reassignment surgery (GRS) and several other names, is a surgical procedures by which a transgender person's physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are altered to resemble those socially associated with their identified gender. It is part of a treatment for gender dysphoria in transgender people.

Male to Female Sex Reassignment Surgery:

Male to female sex change operations are for people who are biologically male, but who identify as women and wish to live their lives as women. Male to Female Sex reassignment surgery involves reshaping the male genitals into a form with the appearance of, and as far as possible, the function of female genitalia. Before any surgery, patients usually undergo hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, depending on the age at which HRT begins, facial hair removal. There are associated surgeries patients may elect to undergo, including vaginoplasty, facial feminization surgery, breast augmentation and various other procedures.

Many transgender people say they are uncomfortable with their biological sex and its associated gender role. They feel trapped in a body they cannot identify with. According to the American Psychiatric Association, gender identity disorder can cause duress and impair an individual on both social and personal levels. Transgender people also report experiencing some form of stigma and discrimination, verbal and physical abuse, threats of violence and actual physical violence proportionately more than others.

Transgender people are also likely to experience bullying in schools, workplaces and other social situations. Gender role changing, hormone therapy and sex change surgery are treatments for this condition. The operations include transferring a male to a different gender (female) through surgical alterations. These irreversible alterations enable the individual undergoing them to match their external appearance with how they feel inside.

The transition is known as transsexualism. Men who transition to female are known as male-to-female transsexuals or MTF. They may also be referred to as transsexual females or trans females.

Feminization procedures for face (rhinoplasty, jawline correction, etc), breasts (augmentation with implant/fat), buttocks (fat grafting/implants), hair line correction, etc

Masculinization procedures for face (chin/jaw line implants, malar implants, etc), hair line correction, breast reduction, testicular implants, penile implants, etc.

Genital rejuvenation procedures (surgical/non-surgical).

The recovery time from male to female surgery varies, depending on the type of procedure and factors such as the person’s overall health and lifestyle choices.

Following gender-affirming surgery, most people need to stay in the hospital for at least a couple of days.

After leaving the hospital, the person needs to rest and only engage in very limited activities for about 6 weeks or longer.

Also, when a person has had a urethral extension, they need to use a catheter for 3–4 weeks.

Female to Male Sex Reassignment Surgery:

Sex reassignment surgery for female-to-male transgender people includes a variety of surgical procedures that alter anatomical traits to provide physical traits more comfortable to the trans man's male identity and functioning. Non-binary people assigned female at birth may also have these surgeries. Often used to refer to phalloplasty, metoidoplasty, or vaginectomy, sex reassignment surgery can also more broadly refer to many procedures an individual may have, such as male chest reconstruction, hysterectomy, or oophorectomy.

Female-to-male surgery is a type of sex reassignment surgery, which is also called gender affirmation surgery or gender-affirming surgery.

This can take different forms, including the removal of breasts — a mastectomy — and the altering of the genital region, known as “bottom” surgery.

Examples of bottom surgery include:

removal of the uterus, known as a hysterectomy
removal of the vagina, known as a vaginectomy
construction of a penis through metoidioplasty or phalloplasty

Surgical Procedure:

Before having female-to-male gender-affirming surgery, a person will receive testosterone replacement therapy and following types of procedure.

A person undergoing surgery to transition from female to male typically to remove breast tissue. The surgeon will also make alterations by removing breast tissue or altering the nipples and areolae. A person may wish to undergo this type of surgery if they are uncomfortable having a uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes, or if hormone therapy does not stop menstruation. In a partial hysterectomy, a surgeon will remove only the uterus. In a total hysterectomy, they will also remove the cervix. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or BSO, involves the removal of the right and left fallopian tubes and ovaries.

A metoidioplasty is a method of constructing the clitoris into a penis. A person will receive hormone therapy before the surgery to enlarge the clitoris for this purpose. During the procedure, the surgeon also removes the vagina, in a vaginectomy. To achieve the lengthening, the surgeon uses tissues from the cheek, labia minora, or other parts of the vagina. The aim of this is to allow the person to urinate while standing. Another option is a Centurion procedure, which involves repositioning round ligaments under the clitoris to increase the girth of the penis. A metoidioplasty typically takes 2–5 hours. After the initial surgery, additional procedures may be necessary. A Centurion procedure takes approximately 2.5 hours, and removing the female reproductive organs will add to this time. An advantage of a metoidioplasty is that the penis may become erect, due to the erectile abilities of clitoral tissue.

A phalloplasty is the construction or reconstruction of a penis. phalloplasty uses grafted skin — usually from the arm, thigh, back, or abdomen — to form a penis. It is a common surgical choice for transgender and nonbinary people interested in gender confirmation surgery. It’s also used to reconstruct the penis in cases of trauma, cancer, or congenital defect. Doctors consider taking skin from the forearm to be the best option in penile construction. After a period of recovery, a person can have a penile implant. This can allow them to get and maintain erections and have penetrative sex. During a phalloplasty, the surgeon performs a vaginectomy and lengthens the urethra to allow for urination through the penis. Disadvantages of a phalloplasty include the number of surgical visits and revisions that may be necessary, as well as the cost, which is typically higher than that of a metoidioplasty.

Scrotoplasty is a procedure done to tightening the scrotum and also knows as scrotum reduction surgery. It is minimally invasive surgical technique that involves removing excess scrotal skin to improve the appearance and comfort of the scrotum. A man’s scrotum may become elongated and stretched because of natural aging, genetic predisposition, physical injury, or other trauma. Having a loose, stretched scrotum can lessen a man’s confidence and self-esteem, detract from the quality of his sex life, and cause chronic pain and discomfort. A person may decide to have a scrotoplasty — the creation of a scrotum — alongside a metoidioplasty or phalloplasty. In a scrotoplasty, a surgeon hollows out and repositions the labia majora to form a scrotum and inserts silicone testicular implants.

Recovery: The recovery time from female-to-male surgery varies, depending on the type of procedure and factors such as the person’s overall health and lifestyle choices.

Following gender-affirming surgery, most people need to stay in the hospital for at least a couple of days.

After leaving the hospital, the person needs to rest and only engage in very limited activities for about 6 weeks or longer.

Also, when a person has had a urethral extension, they need to use a catheter for 3–4 weeks.

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Sunrise Hospital, Cochin (www.sunrisehospitalcochin.com)

A Unit of Sunrise Institute of Medical Sciences Pvt Ltd, Kerala, India.

GST No 32AAICS4341K2ZB

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Department of Plastic Surgery

Department of Plastic Surgery

Department of Plastic Surgery

Doctors

Dr. Nihal Yusuf

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Treatments & Procedures

Reconstructive Post Burn Contractures

Traumatic Injuries, such as Craniofacial Fractures, Limb Trauma

Congenital Abnormalities, Such as Cleft Lip/Palate

Developmental Abnormalities

Treatment of Facial Deformity, Disease, Trauma

Surgery of the Trunk and Extremities

Post - infection Deformities (Eg: Leprosy, Cancrum Oris)

Head and Neck reconstruction post Ablative Cancer Surgery of these regions

Cosmetic Surgery

Blepharoplasty or Eyelid Surgery

Thread Lift for Non-Surgical Face Lift

Advanced Face Lift Techniques like MACS (Minimal Access Cranial Suspension) for age

Gynecomastia Correction (Enlarged breasts in men)

Breast Augmentation (This can involve either fat grafting, saline or silicone gel prosthetics)

Breast Reduction Removal of skin and glandular tissue to reduce the size

Breast Lift (Mastopexy) Lifting or reshaping of breasts to make them less saggy, often after weight loss (after a pregnancy, for example).

Buttock Augmentation Enhancement of the buttocks, Brazilian butt-lift (implant+fat grafting)

Rhinoplasty Reshaping of the nose (form and function)

Liposuction or Suction-Assisted Lipectomy

Liposculpture

Chin Augmentation

Cheek Augmentation

Male and Female Implant based Augmentations (Breasts/Pectorals/Calf/Jaw/etc)

Post Bariatric Surgeries like Belt Lipectomy, Upper Body Lift, Lower Body Lift, etc

Treatment & Facilities

Hand and Micro Vascular Surgery - Re-plantation / Revascularisation Surgery

Free Flap Surgery

Peripheral Nerve Repair / Reconstruction

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Identity Clinic – A New Chapter!

Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRS for Male to Female or Female to Male)

Chest Restructuring

Metoidioplasty

Phalloplasty

Scrotoplasty

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